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目录 前言
黑暗版作文篇是一个全新的事物，经过大家的努力，今天终于和大家见面了，这里面汇聚着大家的智慧和汗水，但是由于水平有限，在这个版本中难免会有错误，希望大家指出。 考试已经迫在眉睫，而作文是考试的重中之众，希望这份资料能对大家有所帮助和启迪，那将是我们心中莫大的慰藉。 本材料主要围绕03-06年四年的大作文展开编写 首先感谢考研区首版zhuhui0991对此次修订的高度关注和给予的大力支持，及辛苦的排版美化工作。 历年真题习作举例分析，主要由研英版主zhuqx969编写，其中举例主要来源网友的习作，这将使考研学子对自己的作文水平有更多的了解。特别是常见的错误一目了然，这对作文水平的提高大有好处。能让你在知己知彼中带领你巧妙的提高。 经典句型，主要由研英主持人炊烟~编写，如果说词汇是基石，那么句型就是框架，再加上笔者的文字修饰，一篇有血有肉的文章才会应运而生，此部分，为大家提供了常见的经典句型，并且为经典句型划分了功能，让大家真正做到有的放矢。 考研作文词汇部分，主要由研英版主daisy8475，研英主持人四度编写，其中包括图表和图画常用词汇，图表在作文中比较有规律可循因此做了简要说明；图画作文作为历年的重点，分为热点词汇和分类词汇，其中涉及了文化教育、工作、健康、环保等作文常用词汇；在最后还列出了文章常用的关联词。此部分旨在为大家提供作文的基石，让大家能做到以不变应万变。 【注】经典句型和词汇部分由编写者参看大量文字材料后进行分类，编辑整理而成。 Jojolucan 2006-12-19 第一部分：考研作文评分标准
《全国硕士研究生入学考试英语大纲》要求考生在40分钟内完成160--200单词的英语大作文。所写的作文作应具备：1）单词拼写正确，标点使用正确，语法准确无误，用词合理恰当；2) 作文结构合理，内容统一连贯，字数符合要求。 评定考研作文成绩，首先看内容是否符合题意的要求；然后看语言表达是否正确、清楚、通顺；最后根据用词、用句、分段优劣采用通篇分档计分。其分档计分标准如下： 第一档：20~17分：内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点；表达清楚，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求（160--200单词）。 第二档：16~13分：内容切题，全部包括题目的要点；表达比较清楚，文字基本连贯； 句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求（160--200单词）。 第三档：12~10分：内容切题，基本包括题目的要点；表达基本清楚；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求（160--200单词）。 第四档：9~5分：内容基本切题，基本包括题目的要点；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和用词错误。文章长度基本符合要求（120--160单词）。 第五档：4~1分：基本按题写作，但只有少数句子可以理解。 第六档：0分：文不切题，语句混乱，无法理解。 第二部分：考研图画作文题目写作思路分析
作为考研图画作文的一般写作思路，开头第一句应该概括交代图画的主要内容。把这一句写上，文章的首句就完成了。接下来就要对图画的主要细节进行扩展描写。描写时，需要用最简明的句子把主要细节写清楚，次要细节可以酌情考虑写或不写（考虑的依据是插入次要细节后，句子的结构能否安排通顺，篇幅是否过长或过短），更次要的细节不要提及，目的是让没有图画的读者见文如见画。另外，在首段还可以用一句小结的话作为结尾，简单提及图画所涵盖了哪个社会现象，当然，也可以不加这样的话，直接留待第二段再写。本段通常使用2到3句话，40到50词。 作为论述段的第二段是整篇作文中篇幅最长、最具说理性的一段，其开头必须要有主题句，通常这一主题句的内容是指明图画所反映的社会现象，并加以定性、定范围。主题句给本段定下了基调，随后应根据主题句展开论述。针对这一社会问题，可以对其发生的原因，具体的表现，缺点和优点，以及不同人群对它的不同看法等各个方面来进行展开论述。论述时，可以用论证法（即采用说理性文字作为论据）、例证法（即举例作为论据，并加以阐述分析）或者对比论述法（通常对于优点和缺点都需要提及的论述采取此方法）等各种方法。但是需着重注意的是，使用例证法时，最多只能用1～2句话把例子说清，剩余的篇幅应着重对所举例子进行阐述；使用对比法时，切忌对比双方篇幅相同，应该以其中一方为主，另一方为辅。本段通常使用6句话，70到90词。 结尾段同样需要用主题句明确提出自己的观点，然后详细展开这一观点。根据文章题材的不同，结尾段可以对好的社会现象提出表扬（观点），并进一步提出发扬光大的方法措施（展开），也可以针对不好的社会问题指出需要改进（观点），并详细论述由谁来改进，怎么改进（展开）；具体情况具体分析。最后一般使用一句总结的话作为结尾，把全文的主题思想提升一个高度。末段通常使用3到4句话，50到60词。 第三部分：历年真题习作举例分析
一、2006年考研作文真题各档次作文举例分析
注：Beckham（贝克汉姆）：英国足球明星。 Directions: Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should first describe the photos briefly; then interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and give your point of view. You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 第二档作文 In these photos, two men show their admiration in different ways---- the left one writes his idol-----Beckham’ name on his left cheek , and the other man chooses to make a “Beckham hair style” . In decades, the phenomenon of adoring the idol is becoming the social issues, specially in youth. They adore the pop stars---movies stars, singer stars, even sports stars. Indicating in these ways: Cheesing their idols everywhere, imitating their dressings, hair styles, speaking ways, even their addictions and so on. Some of them are blinding to cheese the stars, even forgetting their own business and ignoring their families, at last lost their own. One the other side, there are also many good aspects, some teenagers learn their idols’ belief of succeed, their broad heart, their concerning of poor people and the ill people, their common attitudes to wealth. Obviously, we should advocate the good aspects of cheesing idols, because the stars are all the succeed person, they all have the worth learned aspects. Youth need correct guide of cheesing idols, tell them to learn the good aspects of the stars, and make themselves became the outstanding people. 【作者】 月丫 【习作出处】http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=20&id=342289&replyID=4676711&star=1&skin= 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段简明扼要的描写了两幅图画的内容，画中主要细节均已写到，符合要求。中间段首句概括的点出了图画所反应的社会现象，并从偶像崇拜的弊端和优点两方面进行了正反论述，论述比较切题，语言表达基本通顺，句式有一定的变化，有一处拼写错误和少量表达不连贯现象。在上一段正反论述的基础上，作者在末段开头提出了自己的观点，并做了进一步分析，结束了整篇习作。 习作长度193词，字数符合要求。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第二档偏上，参考得分为：15分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969 In these photos, two men show their
Obviously, we should advocate the good aspects of cheesing idols, 【修改后习作】 In these photos, two men show their reverence for Beckham in different ways---- the left one writes his idol’s name on his left cheek, and the other man chooses to make a Beckham haircut. The phenomenon of idol worship increasingly becomes a social issue, specially to the young generation. They adore the pop stars such as film stars, actors, singers and sportsmen. Indicating in these ways: Cheesing their idols everywhere, imitating their dressings, hair styles, speaking ways, even their addictions and so on. Some of the young are blinding to cheese the stars, even forgetting their own responsibility and harming their families, at last lost their own happiness. One the other side, there are positive aspects that some teenagers learn from their idols’ belief of succeed, their broad heart, their concerning for the poor and the ill, their common attitudes to wealth. Obviously, we should advocate the good aspects of cheesing idols, As a successful person, the stars all have positive aspects that worth learning. What schools and teachers should do is to get them in the right way by telling them to learn the good aspects advantages of the stars, and then to make them the outstanding people. 【写作思路分析】 开头一段首句点出了图画的主要内容：两个男孩用不同的方式表达了对贝克汉姆的崇拜。接下来对图画的细节进行了扩展描写，本题共有两幅图画，画中各有一个男孩，主要细节共有两处，即左边这位男孩把偶像的名字画在脸上，右边这位男孩想要剪一个贝克汉姆的发式；次要细节还有一处，即右边男孩剪发的花费是300元。这两处主要细节之间是并列关系，其之间的连词可以考虑用and，while等。扩展描写使用了一句话，这样首段就完成了。简单明了，开门见山。 中间段一开始就写出了主题句：“图画所反映的偶像崇拜这一现象日益成为一个社会问题（定性），尤其是在年轻一代当中（定范围）”。随后对偶像崇拜这一现象展开了论述，作者采取了缺点为主、优点为辅的正反对比论述法，着重阐述了偶像崇拜的危害，并附带提及了偶像崇拜的好处。思路清晰，层次分明。 结尾段开头点出了主题句“需要对偶像崇拜的好的方面加以发扬”。随后对这一观点进行了展开论述，最后对文章主题进行了总结，把学生培养成杰出的人才。观点明确，论述到位。 第三档作文 We all have our idol at heart, we can learn a lot from him. Let us have a look the two young men on the two pictures are learning from their idol, on left hand picture, a youngster to write 7 red letters---Backham---on his face, on the right hand picture, other a youngster is restyling his hair like Backham, it will cost him 300 yuan. Indeed, some good qualities of idol’s might rub off on us, such as brawniness, braveness, and never say die, but we don't need write idol’s name on our face or change hairstyle to pay a high tribute to idol’s ability and set ourselves to learn from idol. There are some other factors worth consideration in evaluations these special behaviours. A public figure whatever he did was a fashion, they cut a swath on the stage, but that was only superficies, when we seized upon their success as a good example of how to improve life with our own hands, we can achieve success as well as our idol. 【作者】 Turquoise 【习作出处】http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=20&id=342289&replyID=342289&star=1&skin= 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段描写了两幅图画的内容，画中主要细节均已写到，次要细节也有涉及，符合要求，但文字略为罗索。中间段基本论述了图画涉及的社会现象，但是说理不够透彻，没有明确的论点，篇幅过短，句式略有变化，有少量错误。末段中，作者提出了自己的观点，但不够明确，进一步分析较为罗索，但没有太多实际内容。 习作长度175词，字数符合要求。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第三档中等，参考得分为：11分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969 We all have our idol at heart （没有at heart这样说法，表示“在心里”可以用in one's heart）, we can learn a lot from him.（开头这两个短句可以合成一个长句） Let us have a look at （描述图画时，尽量避免用let's have 这样的口语化句型，改用as is seen in the picture这样的书面语说法）the two young men on the two pictures are learning from their idol（由图中看，这两个青年是在模仿他们的偶像，learn这个词不能有效的表达“模仿”的意思）, on left hand picture, a youngster to write （to write是动词不定式，用在这里使句子没有谓语，造成语法错误）7 red letters---Backham---on his face, on the right hand picture, other a youngster is restyling his hair like Backham, it will cost him 300 yuan （像it will cost这样与上句衔接紧密的短句，如果可能的话，尽量用分词形式并到上一句话中，而不要单列一句。）. Indeed, some good qualities of idol’s might rub off on us, such as brawniness, braveness, and never say die, but we don't need write idol’s name on our face or change hairstyle to pay a high tribute to idol’s ability and set ourselves to learn from idol.（这一句话非常罗索，而且表达的意思不易理解，通过句式的改变，使其容易理解） There are some other factors worth consideration in evaluations these special behaviours. A public figure whatever he did was a fashion, they cut a swath on the stage, but that was only superficies,（在这几个短句中，主谓宾都全的句式使句子的语气不够强烈，改用短语分词形式，可以使句子更为简短，突出语气） when we seized upon their success as a good example of how to improve life with our own hands, we can achieve success as well as our idol. 由于改动过大，无法在原文标出，所以把修改文发布在下面 In our heart, we all have our own idols from whom we can learn things. As is seen in the two pictures, two young men are imitating their idol. On left picture, a boy has written 7 red letters ’B-e-c-k-h-a-m’ on his face, while on the right one, another boy is restyling his hair as Beckham’s style, spending 300 Yuan. Indeed, some good qualities, such as brawniness, braveness, and never say die might rub off on us. But we need not forms of drawing the idol’s name on our face or copying their haircut to show the reverence for our idol. There are other factors worth consideration in evaluations of these special behaviors. Whatever a public figure did is a fashion. Cutting a swath on the stage is only superficies. When we take them as a good example of how to improve life with our own hands, we can achieve success as well as our idol. 【修改后习作】 In our heart, we all have our own idols from whom we can learn things. As is seen in the two pictures, two young men are imitating their idol. On left picture, a boy has written 7 red letters ’B-e-c-k-h-a-m’ on his face, while on the right one, another boy is restyling his hair as Beckham’s style, spending 300 Yuan. Indeed, some good qualities, such as brawniness, braveness, and never say die might rub off on us. But we need not forms of drawing the idol’s name on our face or copying their haircut to show the reverence for our idol. There are other factors worth consideration in evaluations of these special behaviors. Whatever a public figure did is a fashion. Cutting a swath on the stage is only superficies. When we take them as a good example of how to improve life with our own hands, we can achieve success as well as our idol. 第四档作文 There are two Asian boys in two separate pictures. One boy decorates his cheek with a set of scarlet letters--"Beckham". The other one seems to be very pleased with his new hair style--exactly the same as David Beckham. Judging from their appearance, we can see they are both very young, energetic and no doubt staunch surporters and fans of David. For a great many young peoples of the newly born generation, they love super stars and imitate their behavior. Some people say they idolize celebrities. As far as I'm concerned, it's not a black and white issue, only about different tastes towards life. Young people likes to chase fashion. As long as they enjoy themselves and cause no trouble to other people, who should blame them!? 【习作出处】http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=20&id=342289&replyID=4676711&star=1&skin= 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段对两幅图画进行了描述，主要细节描写不够全面，漏掉了一处重要细节，即“花300元做个‘小贝头’”这一细节没有明确点出来；另外，首段文字较为罗索。中间段对图画做了进一步阐述，含糊的点出了图画所反映的社会现象，却没有展开论述。末段就这一社会现象提出了自己的观点，但由于中间段空洞，末段观点显得很乏力，没有说服性。 该习作基本没有论述，表达不够连贯，句式基本没有变化，习作长度128词，基本符合要求。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第四档中等，参考得分为：8分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969 There are two Asian boys in Judging from their appearance, we can see they are both very young and energetic, （young和energetic都是形容词，可以并列，后面的supporter是名词，不能跟形容词并列）and they are no doubt staunch surporters and fans of David. For a great many young people Some people say they idolize celebrities. As far as I'm concerned, it's not a black and white issue, but an issue about different tastes towards life. Young people like 【修改后习作】 There are two Asian boys in the couple of pictures. One boy decorates his cheek with a set of scarlet letters--"Beckham". The other one seems to be eager for a new hairstyle, which is the same as David Beckham‘s. Judging from their appearance, we can see they are both very young and energetic, and they are no doubt staunch supporters and fans of David. For a great many young people Some people say they idolize celebrities. As far as I'm concerned, it's not a black and white issue, but an issue about different tastes towards life. Young people like 二、2005年真题习作举例分析
Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay ,you should first describe the drawing the interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)? 第一档作文 As is vividly shown in the picture above, there are four children, who play as a goal-keeper, kicking out their old father like a football. The oldest child kicked out their old father, while the other children keep him from their own goals. The drawing implicated a contemporary phenomenon: more and more children don’t want to take care of their aging parents who have raised them up so many years. Supporting our own parents is a Chinese traditional culture, however, with the living standard of live have improved by a big margin, people seems to forget it. We will easy to find in a newspaper that an old man starved to death not because his children have not ability to support him, but because they discard him. What a terrible thing it is. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to reverse these situations. To begin with, the authority should make stricter law to forbid people from discarding there old parents. What’s more, we must enhance the awareness of supporting our own parents. Only in this way can we live in a world of harmonious and love. 【作者】 zhuangsg 【习作出处】http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=20&id=343965&replyID=4703261&star=1&skin= 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段描写了图画的内容，画中内容基本交代清楚了，符合要求，但文字不够简练，描述图画所用语言的冲击力不够。中间段对图画涉及的子女不赡养老人的社会问题进行了论证，说理较为透彻，表达基本流畅，句式有较多变化，但有个别表达不到位之处。末段中，作者针对这一社会问题提出了解决办法，条理较为清晰。 习作长度186词，字数符合要求。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第一档偏下，参考得分为：17分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：jojolucan As is vividly shown in the picture above, there are four people(children属于审题不清....虽然他们相对老人是children，但是客观上已经是adults了), who play as goal-keepers, kicking out their old father like a football. The oldest child(总感觉不太对，不如直接用one代替) kicked out their old father, while others keep him from their own goals. The drawing implicates a contemporary phenomenon: more and more children don’t want to take care of their aging parents who have raised them up so many years. Supporting(support的确有赡养的意思，但是不如用Taking care of来得保险) our own parents is a Chinese traditional virtue(还是用美德比较合适), however, with the living standard of live being improved by a big margin, people seems to forget it. We will easily find in a newspaper that an old man starved to death not because his children bave no ability to support him, but because they discard him. What a terrible thing it is. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to reverse these situations. To begin with, the authority should make more strict(三音节的单词没有直接比较级) law to forbid people discarding there old parents. What’s more, we must enhance the awareness of supporting our own parents. Only in this way can we live in a world of harmony(这里要用名词了) and love. 【修改后习作】 As is vividly shown in the picture above, there are four people who play as goal-keepers, kicking out their old father like a football. The oldest one kicked out their old father, while others keep him from their own goals. The drawing implicates a contemporary phenomenon: more and more children don’t want to take care of their aging parents who have raised them up so many years. Supporting our own parents is a Chinese traditional virtue, however, with the living standard of live being improved by a big margin, people seems to forget it. We will easily find in a newspaper that an old man starved to death not because his children bave no ability to support him, but because they discard him. What a terrible thing it is. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to reverse these situations. To begin with, the authority should make more strict law to forbid people discarding there old parents. What’s more, we must enhance the awareness of supporting our own parents. Only in this way can we live in a world of harmony and love. 【写作思路分析】 开头一段首句点出了图画的主要内容：四位子女正把他们的爸爸当球踢来踢去。随后又对图画进行了补充说明，但是作者漏掉了对图画中老人的状态的描述，使得开头段对图画的描述不够完整全面。 中间段一开始就写出了主题句：“许多子女不愿意赡养把他们辛苦抚养长大的父母”。随后对不赡养老人这一现象展开了论述，作者采取了说理论述的方法，着重阐述了这一社会现象的原因，表现。 末尾段针对这一社会现象，从政府和个人两方面提出了解决措施，考虑较为周全，条理清晰。 第二档作文 In the picture, we can see : the poor old father is kicked liked a ball among his four children, one daughter and three sons. No one is willing to take up the responsibilty of looking after the poor man. This is not just a cartoon, but also it tells something much profound. As an old Chinese tradition, to treat the old and the young well is always regarded a virtue. And according to the law, every adult is obliged to take care of their old ancestors, especially their parents. How can the four children in the picture above do such a thing to the father? I bet that the father must have felt dispointed and discouraged. He may have anticipated a comfortable, relaxing and happy life when he spared no penny and energy to bring up the four children. Everyone will grow old some day. Nobody will expect his rest life turns into a nightmare like this. Furthermore, without our parents’ hard work and sweat, we may not have the possibility of enjoying the pleasant life, getting educated and so on. But now to my disappointment, many children do not see this. When their father grow old, they consider him a burden, something useless. What is reflected in the cartoon is not rare in today’s China. I can’t help wondering : What has happened to the children nowadays? Has the precious virtue forgotten? 【作者】 susanwtf 【习作出处】http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=20&id=343965&replyID=4703261&star=1&skin= 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取四段式写作，首段开门见山的描写了图画内容，基本交代清楚，文字较为简练。第二段对图画所提及的社会现象进行了进一步阐述，第三段采用反问的方式提出了不赡养老人这一问题的严重后果。表达较为流畅，略有几处错误出现。末段中，作者针对这一社会问题的成因进行了分析，论述较为到位，条理较为清晰。 习作长度234词，字数比规定字数略长。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第二档偏下，参考得分为：14分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969
As an old Chinese tradition, to treat the old and the young well is always regarded a virtue. And according to the law, every adult is obliged to take care of their old Everyone will grow old some day. Nobody will expect his rest life turning into a nightmare like this. Furthermore, without our parents’ hard work and sweat, we may not have the possibility of enjoying the 【修改后习作】 The picture shows a poor old father being kicked liked a ball among his four children, one daughter and three sons. No one is willing to take the responsibility of looking after the poor man. The simple cartoon tells something much profound. As an old Chinese tradition, to treat the old and the young well is always regarded a virtue. And according to the law, every adult is obliged to take care of their old parents. How can the four children in the picture above do such Everyone will grow old some day. Nobody will expect his rest life turning into a nightmare like this. Furthermore, without our parents’ hard work and sweat, we may not have the possibility of enjoying the life, getting educated and so on. But now to my disappointment, many children turn a blind eye to this. When their father grows old, they consider him a burden, something useless. What is reflected in the cartoon is not rare in today’s China. I can’t help wondering: What has happened to the children nowadays? Has the precious virtue forgotten? 第三档作文 It’s not a funny picture. It reflects a common phenomenon in modern society. As shown in the picture, four young people represent gate keepers, take their old father as the ball and keep him far away from their gates. The meaningful picture indicates that the four children take their father as a burden and none of them is willing to take the responsibility of raising their father. I felt very sad as soon as I saw this cartoon picture. I can’t help worrying about our young generation and our nation. Our economy grows, but our morality decrease. We become richer and richer, but we are being less and less merciful. We young generation changes too much accompanying with the society development. We spend much of our time in earning money; we pay less with our families. In my opinion, I think this phenomenon is very complicated. It involves so many social factors that it is impossible to erase this tragedy immediately. However, it is changing, for more and more people are aware of this severe social problem. They begin to pay more time with their families; they try to save time from business to spend a weekend with their old parents. The situation is changing. 【作者】 liu_yuan 【习作出处】http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=20&id=343965&replyID=4703261&star=1&skin= 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段描写了图画的内容，但是没有开门见山。图画内容基本交代清楚，但是语言方面，文字的表现力不足。中间段对子女不赡养老人的社会问题进行了描述，但没有主题句，描述也没有深入展开，表达基本流畅，存在部分表达不连贯之处。末段中，作者针对这一社会问题的成因进行了分析，论述较为到位，条理较为清晰。 习作长度205词，字数符合要求。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第三档偏上，参考得分为：12分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969
In my opinion, 【修改后习作】 As is shown in the picture, four children act as gate keepers, keeping a ball－their old father far away from their gates. The meaningful picture reflects a common social phenomenon that some children regard their parents as burdens and none of them is willing to take the responsibility of raising their father. After seeing this cartoon, I feel worried about our young generation, even our nation. With the economy growing, the social moral level is sadly decreasing. As soon as people become richer, they are also less merciful. Especially the young men who spend more time in earning money tend to spend less with their families. In my opinion, the root of this phenomenon is very complicated. It involves so many social factors, which is impossible to erase immediately However, it is changing, for more and more people are aware of this severe social problem. They begin to spend more time with their families. 第四档作文 What we can from the cartoon is that a four-player football game is showing. The players,the kida of a old man who takes a part as the football,try their best to keep the ball out of their gates behind.Below the picture ,a title can surely catches our attention : a football game of maintantion.. The cartoon manifests a phenomen ,of which the drawer intends to criticize ,that our country's excellent tradition is fading.As we all know ,our parents brought us up with tremedens endevour,they feed us ,teach us , think all for us .when they step into old age,it is our duty to take good care of them .It shouldnot be considered as a moral problem but one in law.The government needs to raise a proposal to put the obligation of maitancing parents into the law and place it on the agenda as soon as possible. 【习作出处】http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=20&id=343965&replyID=4703261&star=3&skin= 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取两段式写作，首段用一句话描写了图画的内容，但是对图画交代的不清楚，没有把握住主要细节，语言功力较差，文字罗索且没有表达出主要内容。第二段阐述了子女不赡养老人的社会现象，分析了其产生原因，并提出了自己的解决办法。但是整段没有主题句，层次较多，条理性差，表达略有不连贯之处，存在部分语法错误 习作长度146词，字数少于规定字数。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第四档中等，参考得分为：7分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969
The cartoon manifests a phenomenon ,of which the drawer intends to criticize ,that our country's excellent tradition is fading.As we all know ,it is our parents who have brought us up with tremedens endevour,they feed us ,teach us , think all for us. When they step into the old （为了将这一部分从上段中分出来，需要添加一个连接句。）I my opinion, it should not be considered as a moral problem but one in law.The government needs to raise a proposal to put the obligation of maitancing parents into the law and place it on the agenda as soon as possible. 【修改后习作】 We can see a four-player football game from the cartoon. The players who are the children of an old man are defending their gate and waiting to kick a ball away, which is truly acted by their father. The cartoon manifests a phenomenon, of which the drawer intends to criticize, that our country's excellent tradition is fading. As we all know, it is our parents who have brought us up with tremendous endeavor, they feed us ,teach us , think all for us. When they step into the old ,it is our duty to take good care of them . I my opinion, it should not be considered as a moral problem but one in law.The government needs to raise a proposal to put the obligation of maintaining parents into the law and place it on the agenda as soon as possible. 三、2004年真题习作举例分析
第一档作文 As we can see in the picture : there is a person exerting herself running towards an end which is lined with two festivous flags between two trees . Two words the "end" and the "start", are respective written in the two sides of the line which the person is running through on the ground. It's apperent from the picture that an end can be also an new start in part. Enjoy as we are while eventually obtaining the peak, we shall continue our life, begin a new project and then just do it. An end, which is just an end of a period we sampled in the past, is not anything. It's believed that one have a higher start if he got a satisfying end. Whoever did not get good end last time need not be worried much . One can try he best to touch the sky because everyone have a new start. WTO member as China becomes, we chinese can not stop our steps boosting ourselves in economic, cultural, and political strategies in the 21 century. China would try hard to satisfy WTO's extensive requirement in a short time than just dip in the happiness of becomeing all day long, doing nothing. As it's saying :everyday is another day. An end is also a start which renew us with hope. 【作者】neozhn 【习作出处】 http://www.hjbbs.com/thread-20-345801.htm 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段描写了图画的内容，图画细节交代有些混乱，未能很好的表达出图画的内容，但句式较为复杂，符合写作的要求。中间段首句为主题句，概括的指出了这一段将要论述的内容，段落主体部分对起点和终点的逻辑关系进行了论述，条理性强，文字流畅，句式富有变化，但有个别表达不到位之处。末段中，作者举出中国入世的事实作为例子进行展开阐述，避免了中间段纯粹说理论证的单一，收到了良好的效果。 习作长度223词，字数略为超出要求。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第一档偏下，参考得分为：17分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969 As we can see in the picture : there is （as we can see 和 there is 重复，应该去掉一个）a person exerting herself is running towards an end which is lined with two festivous flags between two trees . Two words the "end" and the "start", are respectively written in the two sides of the line, which the person is running through on the ground.
【修改后习作】 As we can see in the picture, a young person, with cheering face is running towards an end line. And at the final point, there is also an arrow drawing on the ground, which indicates a starting point. The picture apparently tells us that an end can be also a new start. Enjoying as we are eventually obtaining the peak, we shall continue our life, begin a new project and then just do it. An end, which is just an end of a period we sampled in the past, is not anything. It's believed that one have a higher start if he got a satisfying end. Whoever did not get good end last time need not be worried much. One can try his best to touch the sky because everyone has a new start. As China becomes WTO‘s member, we Chinese can not stop our steps boosting ourselves in economic, cultural, and political strategies in the 21 century. China would try hard to satisfy WTO's extensive requirement in a short time than just dip in the happiness and doing nothing all day long. As it's saying: everyday is another day. An end is also a start, which renew us with hope. 【写作思路分析】 “终点又是新起点”这幅图画的主要细节有两处，一处是画中男孩正在冲刺到达终点。另一处是该终点又指示着新的起点。开头一段用很简略的词句把这两个主要细节全都交代清楚。 中间段一开始就点出图画中心：“终点又是新起点”。作者从生活的高度对这一观点的哲理性进行了分析，清楚的讲明了为什么终点又是新起点的道理，文字十分优美。 由于不是问题解决型的作文题目，末段不能提出解决措施，作者在这里以中国为例，卡入终点又是起点这一观点，形成了对图画中心的进一步分析，设计十分巧妙。 第二档作文 This picture depicts that a boy who is running on the track and he is just reaching the finish line. When he finish the game, he chose to begin go on a new round without a break. Although he is tired, for the sweats continually perspire from his body, he keeps on running with joyances and exciting. The picture suggests its meaning core. Life resembles a course of non-stop competition, which is distinct for its one-way route. Once it mover on, there is no way go back. People have to play different games of life in sequence, keeping on playing with effort and diligence, and then they are forced to shift to the next game. An end is a new start. In reality, we everyone is take our own competition since we were born. Every time we beat much and finish the game, no matter whether we win or lost, a new journey immediately begins. It leave us no time to settle down, we hurry up to restart, pursuing a new goal through hard working and tough competition. From this perspective, an end is far close to being over, but marks a new start. 【作者】liu_yuan 【习作出处】 http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=20&id=345801&replyID=4732050&star=2&skin= 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段对图画内容的描述较为仔细，基本覆盖了图画主要细节，但多使用短句，叙述上有些罗索。中间段首句并未直接点题，没有开门见山。第二句是该段的主题句，对终点又是起点的图画中心做了交代。论述部分文字比较流畅，句式有所变化，但所选角度不好，论述内容与本段论点不太相符。末段中，作者针对如何面对这一实际情况提出了措施，表达比较多样化。 习作长度194词，字数符合要求。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第二档偏上，参考得分为：15分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969 This picture depicts that a boy who is running on the track
In reality, we everyone 【修改后习作】 This picture depicts that a boy who is running on the track is The picture suggests that life is full of processes, between which will have no internals. Once moving on, there is no way going back. People have to play different games of life in sequence, keeping on playing with effort and diligence, and then they are forced to shift to the next game. An end is a new start. In reality, we everyone 第三档作文 What an instructive and interesting picture it is! As is vividly presented in the picture above, we could see a strong boy will arrive at the end of the walk road. .Let’s take a closer look! As is clearly indicated in the drawing, a lot of sweats slide from his head, however, shining smile also on his face, and the boy dosen't stop when he near the victory but wlak on and on .In a word, the picture is very vividly! What on earth can we learn from the picture? It is far beyond any doubt that what the drawer really intends to convey in the picture is far-reaching. By illustrating the above image, the drawer attempts to indicate us one success is not the end of your struggle career. IF we desire to reap huge fruits from our limited life, we must strive on and on ,It isn't a wise man to sleep on the honour of one success. There is an exampe which is quite suit for this picture, we may be remember the china girls volleyball team, they won the champion of world volleyball competence, on other's eyes, It's a great honer, but they dont't content with their achievement, they strive on and on, because of this ,they eventually come to the top of the world vollyball team. I hold the strong view that if we follow the example ,we would achieve more success ,even to the top. 【作者】perfect969 【习作出处】 http://www.hjbbs.com/thread-20-345801.htm 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段对图画进行了仔细的描述，提到了图画的细节，然而用语过于口语化，不符合书面的标准，句子也比较罗索。中间段开头采取了反问的形式，较为新颖，然而紧跟的回答却没有提到任何有关图画的内容，属于明显的多余句子。随后的两句话只是简单提到了终点又是起点的观点，并未展开论述，文章比较空洞。末段中，举出中国女排作为例子，较为恰当，在一定程度上弥补了第二段的论述不足。 习作长度240词，字数超过了题目要求。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第三档中等，参考得分为：10分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969 What an instructive and interesting picture it is!As is vividly presented
There is an exampe which is quite suitable for this picture, we 【修改后习作】 What an instructive and interesting picture it is! As is vividly presented a strong boy with shining smile on his face is running on a racing track towards the ending line. He is just passing the stop line, but he doesn't stop, choosing to go on a new run. The picture looks simple, but the meaning of it is far-reaching. By illustrating the above image, the drawer attempts to indicate us one success is not the end of your struggle career. If we desire to reap huge fruits from our limited life, we must strive on and on, It isn't a wise man to sleep on the honour of one success. There is an example which is quite suitable for this picture, we must have remembered the Chinese women volleyball team, who won the champion of world volleyball competence, on other's eyes, It's a great honor. However they are not content with their achievement, instead, they strive on and on, and eventually becomes 第四档作文 As is depicted in the drawing, a young man is approaching the end point of the race with sweat all over his face. It is amazed that he choose to begin a new round of compete without stop. How excellent the boy is! In fact, it is the common scene happened in our daily life. For instance, when the end of term arrives, most of students will prepare for the next term besides review and summarizing. Facing the achievement, a person will advance if he keep on endeavoring, and if he is content for the presence, he will be left behind. 【习作出处】 http://www.hjbbs.com/thread-20-345801.htm 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段对图画的描述比较简洁，主要细节交代清楚，但是篇幅稍显短，最好能再展开一点描述。中间段以学校的学期为例，应该说比较恰当，但是作者并未把为何一个学期的终点是下一个学期的起点这个道理讲清楚，反而显得举例不当。末段过于简略，除了点题之外没有其他内容。 习作长度124词，字数过少。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第四档中等，参考得分为：7分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969 As is depicted in the drawing, a young man who is running is about to
In a word,the picture above reveals a Life-Philosophy: the end is a new start. Many people have benefited from this believe, so this idea surely guides us to live better . 【修改后习作】 As is depicted in the drawing, a young man who is running is about to approach the end line of the race with sweat on his face. And he bravely choose to go on a new round of compete without stopping. Apparently, the boy takes the ending as another beginning. How excellent the boy is! End is also a new starting. This kind of belief is commonly seen among most successful people. For instance, after the terminal exams when the end of term arrives, most good marked students will prepare for the next term by doing text reviewing and summarizing during holiday. Another case is that a successful person facing the achievement, a person will advance if he keep on endeavoring, and if he is content for the presence, he will be left behind. In a word, the picture above reveals a Life-Philosophy: the end is a new start. Many people have benefited from this believe, so this idea surely guides us to live better. 四、2003年真题习作举例分析
66.Directions: 1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and 2) point out its implications in our life. You should write about 160 to 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points) 第一档作文 The drawing above vividly betrayed that the same flower shows opposite fates in different circumstance. In the first picture, the flower is growing in bloom, which largely because it is sheltered from the heavy rain and strong wind by the greenhouse. In the second picture, it goes fade and broken immediately when it is exposed to the nature environment. What a thought-provoking drawing. The implied meaning subtly conveyed in the drawing should be taken into account seriously. With the improving of people living standard, more and more people adore their children too much, as a result, the children are too spoiled to be strong enough to endure the troubles and difficulties in their life, worse still, the parents didn't realize it yet. What a pity. Serious as the problem may be, we can cope up with some measures to deal with it. On one hand, we should make clearly to the parents that spoil children are do more harm than good. On the other hand, we can try our best to meet the challenges by ourselves. Only in this way can we success in the future and be the master of our life. 【作者】zhuangsg 【习作出处】 http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=20&id=347897&star=1#4766201 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段对图画进行了仔细的描述，两幅图画都涉及到了，句式也讲求了一定的变化，开段比较成功。中间段开头没有点题，导致这一段没有明确的主题句，论述尚比较到位，但是中间段的结尾使用了一句感叹句，口语化过于强烈，对文题的表达又起不到太大作用，显得不伦不类。末段是典型的问题解决型结尾，提出了解决措施，并呼应了文章主题。 习作长度193词，字数符合要求。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第一档偏下，参考得分为：17分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969 The drawing The implied meaning subtly conveyed in the drawing should be taken into account seriously. With the improving of Serious as the problem may be, we can 【修改后习作】 The drawing vividly betrayed that the same flower shows opposite fates in different circumstance. In the first picture, the flower is blooming, largely because it is sheltered from the heavy rain and strong wind by the greenhouse. In the second picture, when replaced out of the greenhouse and exposed in the nature, it goes fade and broken immediately. What a thought-provoking drawing. The implied meaning subtly conveyed in the drawing should be taken into account seriously. With the improving of living standard, more and more people adore their children too much. As a result, the children are too spoiled to be strong enough to endure the troubles and difficulties in their lives, worse still; the parents didn't realize it yet. Serious as the problem may be, we can make up some measures to deal with it. On one hand, we should make the parents clear that spoil children does more harm than good. On the other hand, we can try our best to meet the challenges by ourselves. Only in this way can we success in the future and be the master of our life. 【写作思路分析】 这篇作文题目给出两幅图画，在进行图画描述时，肯定要采取对比描写的方法，着重把两幅图画中的差异部分描写出来，即第一幅图画中，花朵在温室里绽放；第二幅图画中，花朵在风雨中枯萎。把这一点搞清楚，图画就描写完了。 中间段显然要进行举例分析，大部分人会想到溺爱孩子这个例子。选取此例是较为中庸的做法，属于大家比较熟悉的话题，写起来比较保险，但是需要注意论述时一定要卡到点上，即要用大篇幅来证明被溺爱的孩子经不起挫折的打击，而不要大篇幅来描写家长们如何溺爱孩子。 这篇题目属于问题解决型的典型题目，末段一般要针对自己刚论述过的社会问题提出解决办法，通常可以分层次，分工进行解决。政府该怎么办，学校该怎么办，家长和孩子又该怎么办，这几个角度各写一句话，这一段就完成了。 第二档作文 There is a great contrast between the two pictures. The left picture describe a flower growing in a greenhouse, blooming in spite of the outside rain. But in the other one, the same flower, when moved outside of the greenhouse and without the protection of the greenhouse, cannot stand natural wind and rain any more. The two pictures have presented great education to us, especially children in our times who are similar to the flower to a certian extent as presented in the left picture. Nowadays, most children are brought up by their parents with tender care. Parents always spoil them, meet their expectations whatever they want, and protect them from being harmed, got a smack in the eye. As time passes, they get lack of the opportunity to depend on themselves and face the difficulty in their lives. When the big storm comes, what they can do will certainly be as what the flower does. In conclusion,We mustn't treat childrens as the flower in the greenhouse.Let them learn to stand sufferings and overcome obstacles depending on themselves. 【作者】dickywyf 【习作出处】 http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=20&id=347897&star=1#4766201 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段对图画进行了对比描述，两幅图画的内容交代的比较清楚，句式较有变化。中间段开头就把学生同图画中的花朵相比较，论述部分说理较为清晰，但用语比较平淡。末段对论述部分做了总结，但是篇幅太短，显得虎头蛇尾。 习作长度178词，字数符合要求。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第二档偏上，参考得分为：15分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969 There is a The two pictures have presented great education to us,especially In conclusion,We mustn't treat childrens as the flower in the greenhouse.They should also achieve some oppotunities to practise their living skills preparing for the time when facing difficulties alone. Let them learn to stand sufferings and overcome obstacles depending on themselves. 【修改后习作】 There is a sharp contrast between the two pictures. The left one describes a flower growing in a greenhouse, blooming in spite of the outside rain. But in the other one, the same flower, when moved outside, without the protection of the greenhouse, cannot stand bear natural wind and rain any more. The two pictures have presented great education to us, especially to our young generation who are similar to the well-protected flower to a certain extent. Nowadays, most children are brought up by their parents with tender care. Parents always spoil them, sometimes meeting their unreasonable needs. And protect them from being harmed, got a smack in the eye. As time passes, they get little opportunity facing the difficulties, and of course no chance to practise themselves. When the big storm comes, what they will be may certainly be as what the flower is. In conclusion, We mustn't treat children as the flower in the greenhouse. They should also achieve some opportunities to practise their living skills preparing for the time when facing difficulties alone. Let them learn to stand sufferings and overcome obstacles depending on themselves. 第三档作文 The drawing discribes this picture :a basin of flower is growing healthily in greenhouse,and is flowering.When it is removed to out-of-doors,the flowers and leaves of the plant faded immediately as the weather is bad ,for example,rainstorm, hurricane,heavy snow etc. This discloses this phenomenon:some parents spoil children ,they don’t let their children do any housework,the children do nothing besides playing and doing homework after school.When they leave their parent,they can not do anything ,including simply washing,say nothing of intercourse with other person.Now many children can’t exist by themselves,some parent accompany their children during the children’s college .Some student laid hands on themselves because they can not take care of themselves.Some summer camp was organized between Chinese middle students and Japanese ,fanally,the activity draw a conclusion which Japanese middle students are more self-supportinger than Chinese. Therefore,all parent should foster children all sort of capability ,children can not only grow in greenhouse,they should endure various difficulties, do independently anything . 【作者】humansheng 【习作出处】 http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=20&id=347897&star=1#4766201 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段对图画进行了对比描述，两幅图画的内容交代的略有些混乱，句式有一定变化。中间段以家长溺爱孩子为例进行论述，条理性不强，并出现多处用词不当的现象，。末段对论述部分做了总结，但是篇幅太短，显得虎头蛇尾。 习作长度157词，字数基本符合要求。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第三档中等，参考得分为：10分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969 The drawing discribes This discloses this phenomenon: Therefore,all parent should foster children all sort of capabilities . Children 【修改后习作】 The drawing describes of a flower blooming in the greenhouse, despite of the heavy rain outside. When it is removed outdoors, the flower withers immediately under the bad stormy weather. This discloses this phenomenon: some parents spoil their children, doing everything for them. If possible, they may also help finishing their children's homework. When leaving their parents, they can do nothing, even simple washing. Now many children can’t live by themselves, and some parents even accompany their children during college time. Some students laid hands on themselves because they cannot take care of themselves. There have been Some summer camp organized between Chinese middle students and Japanese, and finally, the activity draws a conclusion that Japanese middle students are more self-supporting than Chinese. Therefore, all parent should foster children all sort of capabilities. Children should not grow only in greenhouse, they should endure various difficulties, do independently anything . 第四档作文 The two picture shows a very abstract meaning. A flower survived after storm in a warmhouse, but died in another storm without the cover of the warmhouse. How meaningful was these pictures. The flower is just like the most childrem nowadays. Since there is only one child in a family, these childrem are nearly the emperor of the family. Their grandpa, grandma, father and mather often try their best to satisfied them. They didn't know well about the outside world. Once they leave home like the flower loses its warmhouse they can't get on well with the throwback and difficulties. IN order to avoiding this, we must be strict on the childre. Parents can't spoil them. It's important to teaching them many social knowledge, teaching them how to face difficulties. I think that's the right way to avoid being growing up like a flower under warmhouse. 【习作出处】 http://www.hjbbs.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=20&id=347897&replyID=4766155&star=3&skin= 【习作点评】 该篇习作采取三段式写作，首段对图画的描述过于简略，甚至不能把两幅图画的主要细节交代清楚。中间段以家长溺爱孩子为例进行论述，但是仅仅提到了家长如何溺爱孩子，却没论述被溺爱的孩子是如何的无法面对困难，与图画中心有一定差距。末段对论述部分做了总结，但是篇幅太短，显得虎头蛇尾。 习作长度146词，字数太少，不符合要求。根据考研作文评分细则，该习作可定为第四档偏上，参考得分为：8分。 【习作修改示例】 修改人：zhuqx969 The two picture shows a very abstract meaning. How meaningful IN order to avoiding this, we must be strict 【修改后习作】 The two pictures show a very abstract meaning. A flower blosoms in a greenhouse when it is stormy outside, but it soon withers when taking out of the greenhouse and moving outdoors. How meaningful are these pictures. The flower is just like most of the children nowadays. Since there is only one child in a each family, these children are nearly the emperor of the family. Their grandpa, grandma, father and mother often try their best to satisfy them. They didn't know well about the outside world. Once they leave home like the flower loses its warm house they can't get on well with the throwback and difficulties. IN order to avoiding this, we must be strict to the children and do not spoil them. It's important to teach them many social knowledge, teaching them how to face difficulties. I think that's the right way to avoid being grown up like a flower under warm house. 第四部分：经典句型
Expressions
Expressions for giving specific details: for instance for one thing to illustrate in one instance in other words as follows let me illustrate let me cite as proof in substantiation to substantiate as an illustration in one instance in this instance as an example take ____for example consider _____for example in practice according to statistics according to statistical evidence Expressions for making generalization: generally generally speaking on the whole Expressions for making comparison: similar to Similarly like,alike Likewise correspond to Correspondingly Resemble At the same rate as Just as In like manner In the same way To have ____ in common Common characteristics, etc Resemblance Almost the same as To be parallel in ______ Expressions for making contrast: Differ from Unlike However Otherwise Still Nevertheless Even so A larger/smaller percentage than Less/more than Faster than, etc In contrast to In opposition to On the contrary On the opposite side On the other hand Different from Although While Expression for discussing cause and effect: thus therefore consequently accordingly for this reason as a result hence because because of owing to since due to as a result of the result of result in the effect of the consequence of have an effect on the reason for the cause of It follows that thanks to out of own________to contribute____ to ____ now that seeing that for fear that 段首句
1. ______________ is known as one of the most serious problems in today’s society. We can see it almost everywhere. As the graph depicts, ______________ . 2. From the cartoon, we can see that it’s a forceful satire on the kind of ______________ . 3. From the first graph, we learn that ______________. According to the statistics shown in the second graph, we can see that ______________. 4. This table shown us that ______________. The figures indicate that there is an inspiring tendency of ______________. 5. What you first think of when seeing this cartoon might be that ______________. As a matter of fact, this cartoon reveals a typical social phenomenon. 6. According to the first graph, it can be seen that ______________, it can also be concluded from it that ______________. 7. There is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: ______________. 8. Nowadays there is a growing concern over ______________. Many people like ______________, while others are inclined to ______________. 9. Nowadays, it is common to ______________. Many people like ______________ because ______________. Besides, ______________. 10. ______________, just like many other things, are preferred by ______________. While being attacked by the idea that ______________, some people consider ______________. They point that ______________. 11. Everything has two sides and ______________ is not an exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages. 12. For years ______________ had been viewed as ______________. But people are taking a fresh look at it now. 13. It has stipulated by the government that ______________. To this stipulation, many people respond actively because ______________. 14. ______________ is a common occurrence in our daily life. Whatever we do, ______________ can’t be avoided. 15. ______________ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way. 16. Recently, ______________ has become the focus of the society, and in this way.. People swarm to ______________. 17. ______________ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but created some serious problems as well. 18. Man is now facing a big problem-______________, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ______________ second, ______________. 19. Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of ______________. 20. It is only during the last years that man has become generally aware that ______________. 21. There is an old saying, ______________. It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases ever today. 22. The English proverb says, ______________. This is quite true because ______________. 23. ______________ is now______________, and at the same time ______________. These two factors have caused ______________. Then what shall we do to solve ______________ in the face of such a situation. 24. One of our ancient philosophers said, ______________. Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality. 25. One of the great early writers said that ______________. If this is true, the present situation should make us ponder over ______________. 26. “Why do ______________?” Many people often ask questions like this. 27. In recent years, there is a general tendency to ______________. According to a study, there is ______________. compared with ______________ last year. Why ______________? 28. According to a survey, there is a growing number of ______________. What brings this result? The main reason rests with. 29. Some people prefer to ______________. In their opinion, ______________. In addition, ______________. Nevertheless, nowadays, ______________ has become more and more common. 30. Today, there ______________, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ______________ second, ______________. What makes things worse is that ______________. 31. Nowadays, ______________ has become a problem we have to face. Though it’s easier said than done, with the help of modern technology, we now have many means to solve it. 32. Many people are inclined to ______________. In their opinion, ______________. They believe that ______________. 33. From the graph/chart, we know the statistics of ______________ and ______________. It can be seen easily that ______________. 34. According to the two graphs presented, it can be observed that ______________. In the left graph, ______________. At the same time, ______________ as the right graph shows. 35. The graph shows the general trend in ______________. 36. According to the figures/numbers/statistics/percentages in the table/chart/bar graph/line graph, it can be seen that ______________. Obviously, ______________, but why? 37. The figure indicates/shows/suggests/proves that ______________. There is a steady/rapid development/trend of ______________. 38. These days we are often told that ______________. But is it true? 39. These days we often hear about ______________. But is this really the case? 40. One of the great writers once said that ______________. Now it still has a realistic significance. 41. In our history, the idea that ______________ never has been so popular. On one hand, ______________, on the other hand, ______________. 42. There are different opinions among people as to ______________. Some people suggest that ______________. 43. Some people hold the opinion that ______________ is superior to ______________ in many ways: Others, however, disagree with it. 44. Nowadays although more and more people ______________, still there are some who think ______________, they may think ______________. 中间段
1. The most obvious reason for this phenomenon is that ______________. Consequently, ______________. 2. No matter you like it or not, AAA has become more and more popular and there are many reason for it. 3. It’s an urgent task for us to change this unfavorable situation: ______________. 4. The picture can reminds you of some strange, yet familiar phenomena existing in our society. 5. A great number of solutions are being offered. Some people suggest that ______________. Others argue that ______________. 6. Confronted with AAA, we should take a serious of effective measures to cope with the situation. 7. However, ______________ may cause some problems. First, it is ______________. Second, ______________. Finally, ______________. So, it is clear that ______________ has its advantages and disadvantages. 8. Although ______________ has a great advantage of ______________, it can’t compete with ______________ in ______________. 9. ______________ may be preferable to ______________, but ______________ suffers from the disadvantages that ______________. 10. The advantages of ______________ are much greater that those of ______________. For instance, ______________. 11. ______________ may be preferable to ______________, but it also suffers from the disadvantages that ______________. 12. But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve ______________. For instance, ______________. Worst of all, ______________. 13. There are many ways to ______________. First, ______________. Second, ______________. Third, ______________. 14. On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ______________. They believe ______________. Moreover, they think ______________. 15. There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can ______________, there are a number of advantages of ______________. Another solution is to ______________. 16. It is high time that something was done about it. For example, ______________. In addition, ______________. All these measures will certainly ______________. 17. There are some other people, who ______________. Their reasons are different, something for ______________, sometimes for ______________, and sometimes simply for ______________. 18. ______________ is necessary and important to our country’s development and construction. First, ______________. What’s more, ______________. Most important of all, ______________. 19. However, if not managed properly, ______________ can create many problems. Sometimes ______________. Furthermore, ______________. Therefore, ______________ has been gaining public concern. 20. There are probably many reasons for ______________. First, ______________. Second, ______________. Finally, ______________. 21. Well, why is there ______________? I think there might be two reasons. One is ______________, and the other is ______________. 22. There are, I think, two main reasons for ______________. In the first place, ______________. In the second place, ______________. Therefore, ______________. 23. Why ______________? For one thing, ______________. For another, ______________. Perhaps the main reason is ______________. 24. It is no easy job to find the reasons for this tendency which involves several complicated factors. For some ______________. For others ______________. 25. Why ______________? The first reason is that ______________. The second reason is ______________. The third is ______________. For all this, the main cause of ______________ is due to ______________. 26. It is reasonable to maintain that ______________, but it would be foolish to persist that ______________. There are three reasons ______________. 27. The explanation for this problem involves many factors. For one thins, ______________. For another, ______________. Still ______________. 28. The causes for ______________ are varied. They include ______________. Perhaps the main cause is ______________. 29. The eventual result it brings out is ______________. And perhaps the most obvious result of ______________ is ______________. 30. However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______________ also has its own disadvantages, such as, ______________. besides, ______________. 31. ______________ will bring the society many benefits. For one thing, ______________. For another thing, ______________. 32. Why ______________? Some ______________. And the most common case is that ______________. The notable example is to ______________. 33. There are many reasons responsible for this instance, and the following are the typical ones. For one thing, ______________, in addition, ______________. The main reason is that ______________. 34. People had figured out many ways to solve this problem. Firstly ______________. Though this method has its good sides like it can ______________. One of its bad sides it brings about is that it can ______________. 35. Some reasons can explain the trend. First, ______________. Second, ______________. Third, ______________. 36. One of the reasons that is given for ______________ is that ______________. 37. A further reason why I advocate an attitude of ______________ is that ______________. 38. What is more, the essence of ______________ is that ______________, although we cannot, most of us ______________. 39. Nonetheless, I reckon that ______________ is more advantageous. 40. From a personal perspective, I also prefer to ______________ because ______________. 41. To make a moral point, I feel that ______________ is important for ______________ is that ______________. 42. The main reason why I feel that ______________ is important for ______________ is that ______________. 43. ______________ is superior in several ways, of which perhaps the most fundamental is that ______________. 44. There are numerous reasons why ______________, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones. 45. One very strong argument for ______________ is that______________. 46. Moving on to wider themes, many people would argue that ______________ is important for ______________ because ______________. 47. Of course, I am aware that both ways have potential pitfalls. 48. The advantages of ______________ carry more weight that those of ______________. 49. I can think of better illustration of this idea than the example of ______________. 50. Perhaps the most important example of ______________ is ______________. 51. I fully agree with the statement that ______________. The reasons are chiefly as follows. 52. I fully agree with the statement that ______________ because ______________. 53. As far as I am concerned, my favor goes to ______________. The followings are the reasons of my choices. Firstly ______________, secondly, ______________. 54. Of these two ways of ______________, I inclined to this point of view which ______________. First of all, ______________, secondly, ______________. 55. But there are still many people who don’t agree. They argue that ______________. 56. However, the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. The idea is easily supported by foots that ______________. 57. For all the disadvantages, ______________ has its compensating advantages. Firstly ______________, secondly, ______________.. 结尾句
1. The most effective means to solve this problem is that ______________. In that case, ______________. 2. Everything has its own two sides, no exception with AAA. For one thing, ______________. for another, ______________. 3. My experience tells me that to ______________ needs a thorough and persevering process, and in this process you had better abide by the principles mentioned above. 4. On the whole, it is high time that we recognized the significance of ______________. 5. As a result, we should take some effective methods to ______________. 6. Judging by the figures, we can draw a conclusion that ______________. 7. In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______________. Only in this way can ______________ in the future. 8. In my opinion, we should place much emphasis on the importance of ______________. 9. But ______________ and ______________ have their own advantages. For example, ______________, while ______________. Comparing those two, however, I prefer to ______________. 10. In my opinion, ______________ is just as common as ______________. If ______________, it may be very useful. Whatever ______________, the key point lies in ______________. 11. Are their opinions correct? To my mind, the first idea seems ______________. As for the second idea, ______________. 12. As a popular saying goes, ______________. In my opinion what really counts is not ______________, but ______________. I believer that as long as ______________, we will ______________. So I am for the opinion that ______________. 13. In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we ______________, we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems, and then make the right decision. 14. Personally, I believer that ______________. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ______________. 15. In my opinion, all of the people should be brave enough to show our disapproval and criticism when confronted with ______________. 16. People are coming to realize the importance of ______________. They have begun to try their best to ______________. We believe that ______________. 17. All in all, we cannot live without ______________ . But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with problems that would arise. 18. Whatever you do, please remember the saying- ______________. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll definitely benefit a lot from it. 19. With the development of society, ______________. So it’s urgent and necessary to ______________. If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 20. It is difficult to say whether ______________ is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of ______________. However, from a personal point of view I find ______________. 21. It is essential that effective actions should be taken to end the situation. 22. It is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of ______________. 23. But both ______________ and ______________ have disadvantages. For example, ______________. Which to choose, ______________ or ______________? Careful consideration is necessary before you make your own choice. 24. From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that ______________. 25. We must search for a quick action, because the present situation of ______________ is grievous, if allowed to proceed, will certainly lead to ______________. 26. No doubt, if we ignore the problem, there is every chance that ______________ will be put in danger. 27. We need to take a second look at the matter from a wider standpoint, otherwise, we won’t ______________. 28. It is high time that ______________. Here are some of the measures that might be taken immediately. 29. In conclusion, we should know about the problem of ______________, and object to ______________. Only in this way ______________. 30. Although it is affected by many factors, still there are certain ways that can make the situation better. The most import is ______________. Another way is ______________. Still another one is ______________. 31. Many solutions are offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be studied in depth. 32. No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ______________. But the common recognition of the importance of ______________ might be the first step on the right way. 33. It is clear, therefore, that the task of ______________ demands great attention. 34. We may have a long way to go before we reach the final goal. But once we are on the way, the chance to reach it is greater. 35. But for me, I would rather think of the matter in an optimistic way. Because I believe ______________. 36. We all know the story of ______________. this lesson tells us that ______________, we should ______________. 37. My own point of view is that ______________ is a normal behavior in our society. There is no doubt that ______________. As an old saying goes, ______________. 38. If we can’t take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is ______________. 39. However, this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future. I believe ______________. 40. From the graph it is evident that ______________. 41. From all the reasons above, we know that great changes had taken place in ______________. And I believe that ______________. 42. Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ______________. 43. For the reasons given above, I strongly recommend that ______________. 44. Given the factors I have just outlined, I believe that ______________. 45. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________. 46. Recognizing the fact that ______________ should lead us to conclude that ______________. 47. In short, I support the statement that it is better to ______________ because ______________. 48. After pondering this question on many occasions, I have finally reached the conclusion that ______________ is something I truly want to do and it is worthwhile. 49. My point of view in ______________ largely results from the fact that ______________. 50. Now after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________. 51. From what has been discussed above, you can get your preference. Personally, I think ______________ has more advantages. 52. On the one hand, it has helped china ______________. On the other hand, it has increased china’s ______________, and at the same time, made great contributions to our national development. 53. In my opinion, to solve this problem there might be two ways. One way to tackle this question is ______________. Another way that is worth adopting is ______________. 54. As far as I am concerned, I trust the advantages mentioned above exceed the disadvantages. 55. For me, ______________ is a glory and it is the most important thing I have to take into feasible consideration. 56. As regards me, I tend to pick ______________, for ______________. What’s more, ______________. 57. If I were given a choice between ______________ and ______________, I would certainly prefer ______________. For me, 第五部分：考研作文词汇部分
考研作文基本上分为图画作文和图表作文，而近年来只考了图画作文，因此我们已总结图画作文为重点，对图表作文只做一般介绍处理。此部分主要总结作文常用的词汇，包括作文中常应用的连词、以及常用的热点词汇（纵观今年来的作文，主要涉及文化教育、健康、环保等问题）。 一、 图表作文常用词汇： 表格图table ； 图表chart；diagram graph column 描述：show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent 数字figure; 数据 statistic; 百分比 percentage; 比例 proportion 上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up 下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down 平稳:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to 波动:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down 占:occupy take up account for gain 而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact 相比:by contract on the contrary likewise compared with 最高点:the highest the top the summit the peak the most 最低点:bottom less least rock bottom 平均:mean average 趋势:tendancy trend inclination 预见:prediction 达到顶峰: mount to 由…组成：consist of/be made up of /be composed of 占44%比例：account for /make up 44 percent 位居第一：rank the first 仅次于is second to 居第二位：in second spot 倒数第一is the last one 第二大部份rank the second/the second largest section 与..相比：compared with A与B成比例A be in proportion to B 差不多：About/around/roughly 多达 as many as 正好：Exactly/precisely 水平：level off 二、 图画作文常用词汇： （1） 常见热点词汇： 1. 素质教育 ：Quality Education 2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业： the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出： ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金： clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款： non-perFORMing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包： mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社： credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障： a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度： the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷： export credit 12. 贷款质量： loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法： the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险： take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程： flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易 ： illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇： foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构： non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税： transFORM administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计： foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度： the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全： the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦 ： excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度： the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策 ： pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费： basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系： sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制： the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全： economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设： to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求 ： the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长： fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库： grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业： grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行： closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场： grain sales market 37. 劣质工程： shoddy engineering 38. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款： arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 39. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇： obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 40. 融资渠道： financing channels 41. 商业信贷原则： the principles for commercial credit 42. 社会保险机构： social security institution 43. 失业保险金： unemployment insurance benefits 44. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税： tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes 45. 外汇收支： foreign exchange revenue and spending 46. 安居工程： housing project for low-income urban residents 47. 信息化： inFORMation-based; inFORMationization 48. 智力密集型： concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive 49. 外资企业： overseas-funded enterprises 50. 下岗职工： laid-off workers 51. 分流： reposition of redundant personnel 52. 素质教育： education for all-round development 53. 豆腐渣工程： jerry-built projects 54. 社会治安情况： law-and-order situation 55. 民族国家： nation state 56. “台独”： "independence of Taiwan" 57. 台湾当局： Taiwan authorities 58. 台湾同胞 ： Taiwan compatriots 59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory. 60. 西部大开发 ： Development of the West Regions 61. 可持续性发展： sustainable development 62. 风险投资 ： risk investment 63. 通货紧缩 ： deflation 64. 扩大内需 ： to expand domestic demand 65. 计算机辅助教学： computer-assisted instruction ( CAI ) 66. 网络空间： cyberspace 67. 虚拟现实： virtual reality 68. 网民 ： netizen ( net citizen ) 69. 电脑犯罪 ： computer crime 70. 电子商务： the e-business 71. 网上购物 ： shopping online 72. 应试教育： exam-oriented education 73. 学生减负 ： to reduce study load 74. “厄尔尼诺”：（EL Nino） 75. “拉尼娜”：（La Nina） 76. “智商”：（IQ） 77. “情商”：（EQ） 78. “第三产业”：（third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises）79．“第四产业”：（quaternary/inFORMation industry） 79. “军嫂”：（military spouse） 80. “峰会”（香港译“极峰会议”）”：summit(conference 81. “克隆”：clone 82. “冰毒”：ice 83. “摇头丸”：dancing outreach 84. “传销”：multi level marketing 85. “（计算机）2000年问题”：Y2K problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand) 86. “白皮书”：white paper(不是white cover book) 87. “傻瓜相机”：Instamatic(商标名， 焦距、镜头均固定，被称为foolproof相机)； 88. “白条”：IOU note（IOU：债款、债务，由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来） 89. “巡回招聘”：milk round（一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院， 向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈）。 90. “减员增效”：increase efficiency by downsizing staff； 91. “抓大放小”：manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones； 92. “市政府要办的X件实事”：x major projects that should be given top priority as designated on the municipal government’s working agenda； 93. “两个基本点”：two focal points，two of the major points of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC，I.e.upholding the four cardinal principles and the policies reFORM，opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。 94. “投资热点”：a region attractive to investors，a muchsought piece of hand， popular investment spot 95. “移动电话”：本系cellular（有时简作cel）或mobile（tele）phone 96. “三角债”：chain debts或debt chains 97. “拳头产品”：knockout product 98. “投诉热线”：dial-a-cheat confidential hotline（打电话告诉一件欺诈事件） 99. “三通”的现译文three links：link of trade，travel and post 100. “外资”：overseas investments 101. “开放”：open to the outside world 102. “联防”：community/teampolicing（一种由警察和辖区居民共同参与的治安管理） 103. “三陪服务”：escort services（陪伴服务）。 104. “五讲四美”：five stresses and four points of beauty 105. “暴利”：excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/sudden huge profit (windfall profit也好) 106. “暴发户”：upstart，parvenu，noov（e），nouveau riche（new rich），jumped-up people(口语) 107. “快餐”：snack（food），quick meal，fast（food，meal），takeaway，carryout， MRE（meals ready to eat） “一次（性/用）” 108. 一次处理：single/primary treatment； 109. 一次污染：primary pollution； 110. 一次冻透：straight；freez-ing； 111. 一次空气：fresh/primary air； 112. 一次爆破：onepull； 113. 一次付清： pay in full； 114. 一次消费：one-time-consumption； 115. 一次误差：first-order error； 116. 一次成像照片：a Polaroid picture； 117. 一次偿还信贷： non-in-stallment； 118. 一次性杯子：sanitary cup； 119. 一次性筷子：disposable chopsticks； 120. 一次性收入：lump-sum payment； 121. 一次用包装：non-returnable container； 122. 一次用相机：single-use camera 123. 西部开发：Develop Western Regions 124. 假日经济：Holiday Economy 125. 手机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the Cell Phone 126. 传呼机不久将会被淘汰吗？：Can Beepers Be Soon Out of Use? 127. 电脑病毒：Computer Viruses 128. 网上犯罪：Cyber Crimes 129. 旅游热：Tourism Wave 130. 打拐：Cracking Down on the Abduction of Women and Children 131. 反毒斗争：Anti-drug Battle 132. 黑客：Hackers 133. 减负：Reduction of Students’ Study Load 134. 中国加入世贸组织：China’s Entry into the WTO 135. 沙尘暴：Sandstorms 136. 告别1999：Farewell to the Special Year 1999 137. 千年虫：The Millennium Bug 138. 千禧年的梦想：My Millennium Dreams 139. 拥抱新千年：Embracing the New Millennium 140. 网上购物：Shopping on the Net 141. 参考书的负面效应：My View on the Negative Effects of Reference Books 142. 因特网的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet 143. 人类第一张基因草图的意义：The Significance of the First Working Draft of Human Genome Map 144. 高校合并：The Merging of Universities 145. 网上求职：Hunting for A Job on Internet 146. 何为新世纪的好老师？：What Is a Good Teacher in the Next Century? 147. 中国的外资：China’s foreign Investment 148. 中国的人才流失：The Talent Flight in China 149. 性教育：Sex Education 150. 明天的因特网：The Future Tomorrows Internet 151. 课堂是以教师为中心还是以学生为中心？：A Teacher-centered Class or A Student-centered Class? 152. 现有的考试制度的利与弊：The Positive and Negative Aspects of Exams and the Existing Examination System 153. 中国的因特网：Internet in China 154. 中国的电脑：Computers in China 155. 中国的大学英语教学：College English Teaching in China 156. 新的收费政策把学生拒之门外了吗？：Does New Tuition Policy Keep Students Away? 157. 家教的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring 158. 教师，国家的未来：Teachers, A Nation’s Future 159. 电子词典：Electronic Dictionaries 160. 教育应是应试教育还是素质教育：Education: Examination-oriented or Quality-oriented 161. 提倡创新精神：Develop Our Creative Mind 162. 计算机辅助教学：CAI/Computer Assisted Instruction 163. 自动取款机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the ATM 164. 展望廿一世纪：Looking Forward to the 21st Century 165. 盗版问题：Problem of Piracy 166. 学会如何学习：Learn How to Learn 167. 假文凭：Fake Diplomas 168. 书的不良影响：My View on the Negative Effects of Books 169. 人们为什么热衷于摸彩票？：Why Do People Like to Try Their Luck on Lottery? 170. 兼职工作：My View on a Part-time Job 171. 无偿献血：Blood Donation without Repayment 172. 留学海外：Studying Abroad 173. 发展经济还是保护环境？：Developing Economy or Protecting the Environment? 174. 电子邮件：The Internet E-mail 175. 拥抱知识经济的新时代：Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age 176. 努力更新知识：Trying to Renew Knowledge 177. 深化（中国的）改革：Deepen China’s ReFORM 178. 因特网的利与弊：The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet 179. 我们需要因特网吗？：Do We Need Internet? 180. 大学英语考试：College English Test 181. 大学英语四、六级考试有必要吗？：Is the College English Test Band 4/Band 6 Necessary? 182. 廿一世纪的青年人：The Youth and the 21st Century （2） 分类热点词汇： 1. 涉及文化教育的词汇： 自学成才 to become educated through independent study 启发式 elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method 填鸭式教学法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching 普及教育 universal education 义务教育 compulsory education; free education 学前教育 preschool education 初等教育 elementary education 中等教育 secondary education 高等教育 higher/tertiary education 普遍教育 general education 成人教育 adult education 职业技术教育 vocational and technical education 国家教育委员会 State Education Commission 高等学校 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科大学 university of liberal arts 文科院校 colleges of art 理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering 师范大学 normal university; teachers' university 师范学院 teachers' college 工业大学 polytechnical university 工业学院 engineering institute 农业大学 agricultural university 农学院 agricultural college 医科大学 medical university 医学院 medical college/school 中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine 音乐学院 conservatory of music 美术学院 academy of fine arts 体育学院 physical culture institute 分校 branch school 重点学校 key school 业余学校 spare-time school 业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers 电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university 函授学院 correspondence school 教师进修学校 teachers' college for vocational studies 成人夜校 night school for adults 业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school 半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school 中等专业学校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school 中等技术学校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school 职业学校 vocational school 附中 attached middle school 在职进修班 in-service training course 进修班 class for advanced studies 短训班 short-term training course 专修科 special (training) course 自学考试 self-taught examination 教职员 teaching and administrative staff 教学人员 the faculty; teaching staff 中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal 大专院校校长 president; chancellor 教务长 dean of studies （系）主任 chairman; chairperson 副主任 vice-chairman 教授 professor 副教授 associate professor 客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor 讲师 lecturer 助教 assistant 专职教师 full-time teacher 兼职教师 part-time teacher 辅导员 assistant for political and ideological work 教研室/组 teaching and research section/group 教学组 teaching group 教员休息室 staff room; common room 母校 Alma Mater 校友 alumnus; alumna 学生会 students' union/association 高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades 低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades 走读生 day student; non-resident student 住宿生 boarder 旁听生 auditor 研究生 graduate student; post-graduate (student) 应届毕业生 graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates 听课 to visit a class; to sit in on a class;p to attend a lecture 公开课 open class 课程 course; curriculum 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic course 专业课 specialized course 课程表 school timetable 课外活动 extracurricular activities 课外辅导 instruction after class 课外阅读 outside reading 课堂讨论 class discussion （大学的）研究小组；讨论会 seminar 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 教学内容 content of courses 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学年 school/academic year 学期 (school)term; semester 学分 credit 分数 mark; grade 五分制 the 5-grade marking system 百分制 100-mark system 学习成绩 academic record; school record 成绩单 school report; report card; transcript 毕业论文 thesis; dissertation 毕业实习 graduation field work 毕业设计 graduation ceremony 毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement 毕业证书 diploma; graduation certificate 毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal 授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb. 升级 to be promoted to a higher grade 留级 to repeat the year's work; to stay down 补考 make-up examination 升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade 奖学金 scholarship （国家）助学金 (state)stipend/subsidy 领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student 学费 tuition (fee) 伙食费 board expenses 伙食补助 food allowance 文凭 diplomas and certificates 考研热 the craze for graduate school study 应试教育 the examination-oriented education 义务教育 compulsory education 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talents 文化底蕴 the rich cultural deposits 大学生创业 the university students’ innovative undertakings 扩招 expand enrollment 被授予学位 be granted a an official certificate from 高分低能 good scores but low qualities 片面追求升学率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level 退学 drop out of the school 形成淘汰制度 frame an elimination system 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 德才兼备 possess political integrity and professional ability 品学兼优 be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar 提高学生身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality 适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes quickly 满足社会的急需 meet the urgent need of the society 保护知识产权 protect the intellectual property 才疏学浅 be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge 努力获得精神文明 make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress 减轻负担 reduce the heavy burdens 更加有意义和丰富的生活 a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life 2. 涉及工作的词汇： 崇高职业 noble career 白领工作 white-collar workers 跳槽 job-hopping 试用期 probationary period 人才流动和双向选择 talent flow and a dual-way selection 自由职业 freelance work 拜金主义 money worship 获得名利 achieve fame and wealth 充分发挥个人的潜力 develop fully one’s potential and creativity 实干精神 steadfast and earnest in one’s work 工作出色 excel in one’s work 无忧无虑 be care-free 社会和个人的尊重 social and personal esteem 生计问题 a bread and butter issue 生活补助 living subsidies 人才交流 talents exchange 培养人才 cultivate talents 推荐人才 recommend the virtuous and able 人才外流 brain drain 优化产业结构 optimize the structure 精简人员 cut off the overstaffed offices 提高综合素质 improve the comprehensive quality 解决劳动就业问题 tackle the problem of labor force utilization 砸掉大锅饭 shatter the convention of iron bowl 坚持改革 be persistent in the reform progress 造成失业问题 bring about the unemployment problem 下岗人员 the laid-off workers 自谋生路 be self-employed 给出优惠政策 give preferential treatment 享受失业救济金 enjoy unemployment pension 需要安全感和生活保障 need a sense of security and guarantee of life 劳动力短缺 shortage of manpower 提高文化，智慧，品质修养 enhance their cultural and moral quality 3. 涉及环保的词汇 污染 POLLUTION 污染物 Pollutants 农业废物 Agricultural wastes 商业噪音 Commercial noise 混合 |
